ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIALLY TOXIC ELEMENTS DEPOSITION IN HUNG YEN AND BAC NINH PROVINCES (VIETNAM) USING MOSS BARBULA INDICA BIOMONITORING TECHNIQUE
Khiem Hong LE1, Nam Dai LE1,2, Inga ZINICOVSCAIA3,4, Nikita YUSHIN4, Son An NGUYEN5,*, Thai Thi Xuan NGUYEN1, My Thi Bao NGUYEN4,6, Hieu Trung NGUYEN4, Trung Van DINH1, Binh Thanh NGUYEN1, Thang Duc DUONG6, Sang Thi Minh NGUYEN5, Mai Ngoc NGUYEN1, & Hong Thi KHUAT1,7
1Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 10 Dao Tan, Ba Dinh, Ha Noi, Vietnam; lhkhiem@iop.vast.vn; xuanthai.ncs@gmail.com; dvtrung@iop.vast.vn; tbnguyen@iop.vast.vn; mainn89@gmail.com
2Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology; dainamkaro@gmail.com
3Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest - Magurele, Romania;
4Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia; zinikovskaia@mail.ru; ynik_62@mail.ru; hieublue19062000@gmail.com
5Faculty of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Dalat University, Lamdong, Vietnam: sonna@dlu.edu.vn; sonna@dlu.edu.vn; sangntm@dlu.edu.vn
6Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute, Ha Noi, Vietnam; ngtbaomy@gmail.com;thangdd@vinatom.gov.vn
7VNU School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Arts, Vietnam National University, Ha Noi, Vietnam: kthong@iop.vast.vn
*Corresponding author: sonna@dlu.edu.vn
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Abstract
DOI: 10.26471/cjees/2025/020/345
Air pollution with potentially harmful elements in two industrial provinces in the Red River Delta, northern Vietnam, was studied using Barbula indica moss. The content of 12 elements including Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb in the moss samples collected at 36 different locations in the Bac Ninh and Hung Yen was identified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and direct mercury analyzer. The mean concentrations of Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb in the moss samples were 5042, 12.0, 27.0, 222, 4899, 2.6, 11, 90, 537, 0.9, 0.17, and 52 mg/kg, respectively. The contamination factors of the 12 analyzed elements ranged from 2.08 to 11.19, indicating pollution levels from suspected contamination to very severe pollution. Aluminum, chromium, manganese, copper, zinc, and lead exhibited very high levels of contamination. Vanadium, iron, and cobalt were found to be moderately polluted, while cadmium and mercury showed slight contamination. Finally, the air in the surveyed areas showed signs of pollution with nickel. Factor analysis was applied to identify the potential emission sources of these elements into the atmosphere. The results indicated that traffic, industrial activities, coal combustion, and urban dust were the primary contributors to the observed elemental emissions.
Keywords:
- air
- pollution
- biomonitoring
- ICP-OES
- Hung
- Yen
- Bac
- Ninh
- Vietnam
How to cite
Khiem Hong LE, Nam Dai LE, Inga ZINICOVSCAIA, Nikita YUSHIN, Son An NGUYEN, Thai Thi Xuan NGUYEN, My Thi Bao NGUYEN, Hieu Trung NGUYEN, Trung Van DINH, Binh Thanh NGUYEN, Thang Duc DUONG, Sang Thi Minh NGUYEN, Mai Ngoc NGUYEN, & Hong Thi KHUAT (2025). ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIALLY TOXIC ELEMENTS DEPOSITION IN HUNG YEN AND BAC NINH PROVINCES (VIETNAM) USING MOSS BARBULA INDICA BIOMONITORING TECHNIQUE, Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences August 2025 Vol. 20, No. 2, p.441 – 452; https://doi.org/10.26471/cjees/2025/020/345