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Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences

An International Peer-Reviewed Open Access Journal

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ARTICLE IN » Volume 9, 2014 - Number 2

BIOINDICATION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS DEPOSITION IN THE HIGH TATRA MTS (SLOVAKIA) BASED ON CALLUNA VULGARIS (L.) HULL; COMPARATIVE LEVELS AFTER THE IMPROVEMENT OF EMISSIONS



Rudolf ŠOLTÉS1, Eva GREGUŠKOVÁ1,2 & Anna ŠOLTÉSOVÁ1
1Institute of High Mountains Biology, University of Žilina, 059 56 Tatranská Javorina, Slovakia, emails: rudolf.soltes@uniza.sk; eva.graguskova@uniza.sk
2Recetox, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/753, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;email: 416789@mail.muni.cz

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Abstract

Calluna vulgaris was collected on the south slope of Lomnický štít peak in Skalnatá dolina valley (The High Tatra Mts) between 1987 – 1988 and repeat sampling took place in 2011, following reduction of emissions. Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, Cr, Mn, Mo, Fe, S and F concentrations were determined in the samples. The results of ordination analysis and correlation analysis show a positive significant correlation of Pb, Fe and Cu (r=0.6320-0.9519) with rising altitude and negative significant correlation of S (r=-0.7398). Due to reduced emissions the sulphur correlation with rising altitude became positive not significant in 2011. In 1987-1988, Mo, Mn, Cr, Cd and Zn did not show any significant correlations with altitude. In 2011, Fe, Mo, Cr, Zn and Mn also showed no significant correlation with altitude. Pb and Cu retained a positive significant correlation with rising altitude. There was a significant change correlated to sulphur. In 1987-1988 the highest sulphur concentrations had been recorded up to 1300 m a.s.l. (>109.8 mg.100g-1), whereas in 2011, the lowest sulphur concentrations were recorded at these altitudes (<87 mg.100g-1) due to reduction of emissions. In 2011, data on fluorine has not been recorded. Despite the reduction of emissions, the accumulated heavy metals remain in the ecosystem for a long time and acceptable concentrations are mostly exceeded, approximately 2-4 times, in the case of chromium up to 10 times.
Keywords:
  • Bioindication
  • deposition
  • Calluna
  • vulgaris
  • Slovakia
  • The
  • High
  • Tatra
  • Mts.

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© 2014 by the author(s). Licensee CJEES, Carpathian Association of Environment and Earth Sciences. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

How to cite

Rudolf ŠOLTÉS, Eva GREGUŠKOVÁ & Anna ŠOLTÉSOVÁ (2014). BIOINDICATION OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS DEPOSITION IN THE HIGH TATRA MTS (SLOVAKIA) BASED ON CALLUNA VULGARIS (L.) HULL; COMPARATIVE LEVELS AFTER THE IMPROVEMENT OF EMISSIONS

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